The term "rape culture" was first coined in the 1970s in the United States by second-wave feminists and applied to contemporary American culture as a whole.
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The Me Too movement was first launched in 2006 by American activist and sexual assault survivor, Tarana Burke. Many movements have addressed rape culture, such as SlutWalk and Me Too. Critics of that line of criticism have disputed the notion that only one party needs to be at fault, noting that the perpetrator can be the primary wrongdoer, those who help cover it up or harass the victim acting as accomplices, and the wider society and culture can still be blamed for its collective influence on these individuals. Critics of the concept dispute its existence or extent, arguing that the concept is too narrow or that, although there are cultures where rape is pervasive, the idea of rape culture can imply that the rapist is not at fault but rather the society that enables rape.
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The notion of rape culture was developed by second-wave feminists, primarily in the United States, beginning in the 1970s. It is associated with rape fantasy and rape pornography. Entire societies have been alleged to be rape cultures. It has been used to describe and explain behavior within social groups, including prison rape and in conflict areas where war rape is used as psychological warfare. Behaviors commonly associated with rape culture include victim blaming, slut-shaming, sexual objectification, trivializing rape, denial of widespread rape, refusing to acknowledge the harm caused by sexual violence, or some combination of these. Rape culture is a setting, studied by several sociological theories, in which rape is pervasive and normalized due to societal attitudes about gender and sexuality. Rape rates (police reported) per 100,000 population, 2010–2012 Rape